GROUND-MOUNTED SOLAR FARM
Utility-Scale PV Plant · from 100 kWp to 10+ MWp · Interactive Technical Diagram
1
☀️ Solar Field Array
Bifacial monocrystalline panels 400-600 Wp · Single-axis or fixed trackers
DC strings
2
⚡ Combiner Boxes
String combiners · DC protection
Fuses · SPDs · Disconnects · AFCI
DC
3
🔄 Central Inverter
DC → AC · 500 kW to 4 MW
Efficiency >98.5% · Conditioned shelter
AC/DC
5
🔋 BESS Storage
LFP lithium batteries · Containerized
500 kWh to 100+ MWh · 5000+ cycles
7
📊 SCADA / EMS
Supervision + Energy management
Weather station · Day-ahead forecast
Thermal imaging · Perimeter intrusion
AI predictive maintenance
OT/IT cybersecurity
KPI · PR · Reporting
AC LV
4
⚡ Transformer
LV 400V → MV 20 kV
630 kVA to 10+ MVA · Prefab substation
MV
6
🏢 Delivery Point
MV metering · Decoupling protection
MV cells · Remote control
MV 20kV
8
🔌 MV / HV Grid
Full injection · CARD/CRAE contract
Flow legend:
DC current
AC LV current
MV 20kV
SCADA data
✕
🇫🇷 FR
🇩🇪 DE
🇪🇸 ES
🇮🇹 IT
🇳🇱 NL
🇧🇪 BE
🇵🇹 PT
🇵🇱 PL
🇦🇹 AT
🇬🇷 GR
📋 Regulation — France
📋 Building permit required (> 250 kWp)
📋 Environmental impact study + public inquiry
⚡ CRE auction (> 500 kWp) or open window
👷 Grid connection Enedis MV or RTE HV (> 12 MW)
💶 CRE tariff: 50-80 €/MWh · Remuneration premium
⚠️ Development timeline: 2-5 years · Emphyteutic lease 30+ years
🔗 cre.fr — Photovoltaic auctions
📊 Key Data — Solar Farm
💰 Installation cost: 500 — 800 €/kWp (2025-2026)
⚡ Average LCOE: 25 — 50 €/MWh (southern Europe)
📐 Required land: ~1.5 ha / MWp installed
☀️ Annual production: 1,100 — 1,600 kWh/kWp
📅 Return on investment: 7 — 12 years
🔧 Operational lifespan: 30 — 40 years
Average indicative values for Europe. Vary according to
irradiance, land costs and financing conditions.
Comparison with residential Plug & Play:
Plug & Play: 1,500-2,000 €/kWp · Solar farm: 500-800 €/kWp → 50-65% savings/kWp
📖 Glossary:
DC = Direct Current · AC = Alternating Current · LV = Low Voltage (<1kV) · MV = Medium Voltage (1-50kV) · HV = High Voltage (>50kV) · PV = Photovoltaic
BESS = Battery Energy Storage System · SCADA = Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition · EMS = Energy Management System · LFP = Lithium Iron Phosphate
LCOE = Levelized Cost of Energy · CRE = French Energy Regulation Commission · RTE = Electricity Grid Operator · MPPT = Maximum Power Point Tracking · KPI = Key Performance Indicators
IEC = International Electrotechnical Commission · ICPE = Industrial Installation for Environmental Protection · ROI = Return on Investment · PR = Performance Ratio
SolarMetrics · Interactive diagram — Indicative data 2025-2026 · Click on each component for details
Regulations vary by capacity, location and grid connection. Consult a professional PV developer. Standards IEC 62446 / NF C 14-100.